Post by Robot on Jan 10, 2005 16:11:28 GMT -5
Interactions between fish and aquatic macrophytes in inland waters
www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/DOCREP/006/X7580E/X7580E00.HTM
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. AQUATIC MACROPHYTES AS A FISH HABITAT
2.1 Aquatic macrophytes as preferential habitat for fish
2.1.1 Significance of density and structural complexity of aquatic macrophytes for fish
2.1.2 Feeding habitat
2.1.3 Spawning and nesting in macrophytes
3. FISH AND OTHER VERTEBRATES OF FISHERY SIGNIFICANCE THAT FEED ON AQUATIC MACROPHYTES
3.1 Grass carp
3.1.1 Feeding preferences of grass carp
3.1.2 Impact of aquatic macrophyte control by grass carp on environment, on other fish and waterfowl
3.1.3 Stocking rates
3.1.4 Management considerations
3.2 Other herbivorous fish
• Tilapia zillii
• Tilapia rendalli
• Oreochromis mossambicus
• Oreochromis aureus
• Osphronemus gourami
• Trichogaster pectoralis
• Tor spp
• Puntius (Barbodes) spp
• Colossoma spp
• Scardinius erythrophthalmus (rudd), and Rutilus rutilus (roach)
• Cyprinus carpio (common carp)
3.3 Other herbivorous aquatic vertebrates
• Turtles
• Birds
• Manatee (Trichechus spp)
• Nutria (Myocaster coypus)
• Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)
4. AQUATIC MACROPHYTES, WATER QUALITY, AND FISH
4.1 Water quality
4.2 Eutrophication and aquatic macrophytes
4.3 Biomanipulation
4.4 Aquatic macrophytes as wastewater treatment system, and fish
4.5 Intensification of fish production in fish ponds, and aquatic macrophytes
5. AQUATIC MACROPHYTES AS A LINK IN THE FOOD CHAIN
5.1 Effect of fish grazing on nutrient release
5.2 Aquatic macrophytes versus phytoplankton
5.3 Periphyton function
5.4 Zooplankton
5.5 Aquatic macroinvertebrates
5.6 Crayfish
6. PISCIVOROUS FISH - PREY RELATIONSHIPS AND AQUATIC MACROPHYTES
7. INVASIVE AND NUISANCE AQUATIC PLANTS AND FISH
7.1 Eichhornia crassipes - water hyacinth
7.2 Pistia stratiotes
7.3 Salvinia molesta
7.4 Cyperus papyrus
7.5 Submersed aquatic plants
8. SPECIAL FLOATING PLANT COMMUNITIES AND FISH
8.1 Sudd and floating islands
8.2 Varzea - white waters
8.3 Igapo - black waters
9. INUNDATED FORESTS, SUBMERSED TREES IN RESERVOIRS AND FISH
9.1 Inundated forests in Asia, Oceania and Latin America, and fish
9.2 Submersed trees in reservoirs and fish
9.3 Function of drawdown, macrophytes and fish production
10. FISH DENSITIES, STANDING CROP AND PRODUCTION, AND AQUATIC MACROPHYTES
10.1 Vegetated lakes
10.2 Reservoirs with aquatic plants
10.3 Floodplains
10.4 Rivers
10.5 Canals
11. AQUATIC MACROPHYTES, RECREATIONAL FISHERIES, AND RECREATION IMPACT
12. FISH CAPTURE METHODS IN VEGETATED WATER BODIES
13. AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT AND FISH
13.1 Management implications
13.2 Aquatic vegetation - an obstacle to fishery
13.3 Chemical control of aquatic plants and its impact on fish
13.4 Physical (mechanical) control of aquatic macrophytes and its impact on fish
14. AQUATIC MACROPHYTES AS A HABITAT OF VECTORS AND HOSTS OF TROPICAL DISEASES, AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL USING FISH
15. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES